Valve-gear.



PATENTED Nov. 26, 1907.

Z SHEETS-SHEET l.

H. MAYER.

VALVE GEAR APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 22, 1907.

PATENTBD NOV. 26, 1907.

MAYER. VALVE GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. z2, 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UMTED STATES HEINRIGMAYER, or ABBON, SWITZERLAND, AssIcNoR To THE FIRM or ADoLP-H SAUBER,- or

.PATENT OFFCE.

l ARBON, SWlTZERLAND.

vALvE-GEAR.

"" vented a new and useful Valve-Gear, of

"which the following is a specification.

My invention relates vtoza valve gear for 'explosion-engines, which are provided with carbureters, governors and special valve gears adapted to admit air, so that the latter r may be compressed in the cylinder or cylinders of the engine for retarding the latter, .should the latter be driven by a force other than that of the explosive mixture. For lexample the explosion-engine may be employed in a descending automobile, that is to say an automobile whlch is required to make long descents without special braking deyices. Or the explosiorrengine may be employed as a hauling or winding engine, which 1s periodically required to lower loads or to jallow trains to run downhill. i

The new valve gear according to my invention is so arranged, that the operator is enabled to admit the ex losive mixture from the carbureter to the cy inder or cylinders at any moment while permitting the governor to regulate the speed of .the'engine, or to shut oil" the explosive mixture and to admit air to `the cylinder or cylinders` The new valve gear is inserted between the carbureter and the inlet or inlets of the cylinder or cylinders and comprises a regulating piston-valve, a *secondv piston-valve, a spring-pressed airvalve and means for actuating these three valves. The regulating piston-valveis laced in'thepassage from the carbureter to t e en gine and is controlled by the governor for increasing or decreasing the area in accordance with the momentary work performed by the engine, so as to maintain a certain and constant number of revolutions. The second piston-valve is adapted to shut oil` the explosive mixtureand to admit air tothe enginewhile the governor. is perfectly at liberty'uto actuate the regulating piston-valve.l

air-valve is adapted to admit air from wlt'ho'ut through the second piston-valve.

testing these' parts from unnecessary shocks or jerks and for preventing the air-val ve fromv prematurely opening.

I .will now roceed to describe my invention with re erence toy the accompanying Specication of Letters Patent.'

Applicatioia filed January 22. 1907. Serial No. 353.650.

.The spring inserted between the second piston-valve and the a1r-valve serves for pro\ Patented Nov. 26, 1907.

` drawings, in which the valve-gear is assumed.

to be applied to the engine of an automobile.

Figure 1 is a vertical section on an enlar ed scale through the line u-o in Fig. 4 (w en the same scale through the line w-zv in Fig. 2 (when looked at from left to right) and shows a valve-box and a carbureter, Fig. 2 is a vertical section at right angles thereto through the line y-z in Fig 1 Fig. 3 is a similar section 65 through the Valve-box alone, in which the second piston-valve shuts off the explosive mixture from the engine and the air-valve admits air fron. vithout to any one of the four longitudinal section on a reduced scale through the upper part ofi the base of a four stroke cycle explos1on-engine with four cylinders for a descending automobile'and an elevation of the, valve-box, the four cylinders being before, the valve-box but removed for the sake of clearness and only. indicated by dotted lines.

Similar characters 'of /l/elerence refer to similar parts throughout fthe' several views. 80

The lower partsl of Figs. 1 and 2represent for example a `carbureter for a benzin motor l, with one or more cylinders, which carbureter! is ully described in the ap lication for a U. S. atent filed by Kunke on August 2. 8 5 1906, erial No. 328914. The carbureter shown is provided with two vertical benzin nozzles 1 and 2, which are disposed in the bottom4 iece O and are arranged to be supplied with enzin through the com- '90 mon channel 21 from a supply tube 22' by means of a valve 33 under the control of a float 24 within a box 25. The casing P canbe connected with the bottom piece O in any two nozzles 1 and 2 are formed. The one, larger air-passage B is normally closed Wit an incline-d trap or clack-valve- 5 fastened o a cross shaft 31, which latter is mounted in Fig. 2. t the external end of t e shaft 31 a lever 32 is fastened, which is pivotally connected with an air-piston 33 by means of a connecting rod 34. The air-piston (33 is looked at from right to left) and a section on 60' cylinders of the motor, and Flg. 4 is a vertical 70- -known manner, for example by meansof l of an oval section, around the mouths of the thecasinfnP to rock, as'is clearl shown at 105 mounted to reciprocate in a cylinder. 35, 11'0.

' tial point bei benzin or the li ve be therein formed. I have merely shown this carbureter to lllustrate the-1 Q l, states which latter may be arrangedto swing around the horizontal axis 'of apin 36 rocking in an eye 37 on the bottom pieoeO. An air-hole 38 is provided in the bottom of the cylinder 35, through which air may be sucked in and forced out respectively. A helical spring 39 is inserted between thecover 400iE the cylinder-35 andthe air-piston 33 and is arranged for normally closin the trap or clack-valve 5. A suitable tue 41 may be connected with the casing I? for the admis sion of air from without.

" The easing P is connectedwith a casing L,

which in turn in any lnown manner 'con-.l nected by branches M and N with the inlet i valvel boxes 42,42 of the four cylinders 43, 44, 45 and 46. It will be understood, that in case the explosion-en `ne has a single cylin bottom 9 is provided witha central nave,

der, the casing L nee 'be vconnected'with the inlet of the cylinder by .a singlepipe.

vWhen assuming the various parts shown in thecasing L in Figs. 1 and. 2 to be omitted,

in other words when assuming the upper part voi.: the casing? to be connected direct with the inlet or inlets of the several cylinders, the

carbureter described will operate a's follows: A

Thev float'24 isarranged for admitting benzin from the-tube 22 to the box 25 and to the common channel 21, so that the level of the benzin will be near the mouths of the two nozzles 1 and 2, as may be determined accordi .to trialsv or experience. Each time, when uring the suction period in any one of the-several cylinders the respective piston' exerts a 'suc action, air will enter the an'- nular' space inthe casing P through the tube 41'in the direction ofthe arrow and will pass upwards through the small air-passage C,

vwhen the air-current will suck in benzin from' the one nozzle 2, so that the benzin is'nebu-A lized and mixes v'with the air, whereupon the explosive mixture will pass upwards to the respective cylinder. Should the. draft' increase, more air will be sucked in, so that the -trap or clack-valve 5 is more or less opened, while the pressure of the helical spring 39 is overcome. For the maximum draft the trap or clack-valve 5 will occupy a vertical position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. l. When the draft ceases, of course the trap or clack-valve 5 will be again closed by the helical spring 39 and no au' will pass upwards through the small air-.passage C, nor will it suck in any benzin from .the nozzle 2. However, the carbureter may also be of any other known and approved construction, the essenthat a mixture of air and effect of the new valve gear'.

A- tubular regulating piston-valve D is `mounted in the lower cylindrical part of the casing L to reciprocate, and is rigIidly connected with a vertical spindle 7. he latter is provided,` at its Iupper end with a doubly without:

recessed cross-head. In the two recesses oi the crosshead 6 engages a forked-lever F, which is fastened on a shaft 3.

ing L and carries without a lever 4, which in a manner to be described later on ,is coni trolled from the governor by means of a rod i4. The upper part of the casing L maybe provided with a suitable connection K,

through which air can be admitted from The casing L is in its middle cast in .one piece with a cylinder 13, in which accordi to my invention a second pistonvalve' i is mounted to verticall, reciprocate.

The piston-valve H-is provif ed wlth a recessed bottom 9, whict. ma

means oi a screw-thread as shown. This which is adapted to slide u and down on the ,vertical s indie 7. The ower edge of the piston-va ve H is-preerablybeveled oil andA so l. be secured 1n- 1t m any known manner, or example by can rest on a seat 19 in thecasing L.".The"

' internal surface of the lower edge ofthe is'- tonvalve :H can slide von the external su ace oi the upper part'of the regulating pistonvalve D.

raperos-'valve Higpmviddeaboqtinas,

middle 'with several slots 8 in a horizontal lplane above the. bottom 9, which slots arel ullylopened'by the lower edge of the cylinder 13, if the piston-valve H occupies its lower.-l i

mostposition, as is shown in 1g. 3. In the uppermost position of. the piston-valve IVI,A on

the'contrary, the several slots 8 will be closedv by the cylinder 13, see Figs. 1 and 2.

v-The upper part of'the iston-valve H is cast in onepiece with agui e 10 for the tubu lar parto an air-valve J ,whereby the strokeV ofthe latter is limited. The air-valve J has a long hollow spindle 11,- which is madev to slide upv and down on the spindle 7 The upper end of the .hollow spindle 11 is `formed to a doubly recessed cross-head' 12, in the two recesses of whichha forked lever Gr engages. `The latter is fastened on a shaft 15,

sides and is provided with two voppositev notches in the said central line, as is shown in Fig. 2. Thereby` the area between the two opposite edges of the two piston-valves D and H is made to. slowly and gradually increase at the commencement of `the upward motion ot' the piston-valve I-I, if the latter is raised.

In Figs. l and 2 the piston-valve II is .valve D and for the up the second piston-valve the maximum load and the' maximum speed,

shown in its uppermost position, so that an annular space is left between its lower edge and the upper edge of the regulating pistonivalve D for the passage of the explosive mixture. The maximum of this area for the lowermosty position of the regulating pistonermost position of is proportioned to of the engine. When the piston-valve H rest-s on its seat 19, it will entirely shut off the carbureter. wvtonfvalve H in its uppermost position wil be suspended from the air-valve J, so that its It will be seen, that the isown weight in addition to the tension of the helical spring 20 will keep'the air-valve J closed. When the piston-valve H rests on i '1 or cylin its "seat 19, the air-valve J may be still kept yclosed by the helical spring 20, so that th'e lever G will'require to be brought into s lowermost position shown in Fig. 3 l'or opening the air-valve J and at the same time for compressing the helical spring 20.

The air is admitted in place of the explo sive mixture to the explosion-engine, in case there should b'e any danger, that the engine may run fast under the action of a force other than the explosion of the explosive mixture. Then the air willbe compressed in tlle cylinder or cylinders of the-engine for retardin the latter. Thereb the cylinder ilers will be constant y cooled and will be protected from being heated by the friction. Atthe same time all the known braking devices, more particularly the band brakes, are' thereby avoided, which is of great usefulness, since such braking devices valve-gear is 'for exam are liable to rapid wear.

In the Us5. Patent No. 807581 of Decem- `ber19, 1905 of Hip olyt Saurerand entitled Valve-gear for 'ch is adapted to cause the outlet valves to be opened dur'- ing the whole or a part of the respective third piston strokes in the four stroke cycle, so that air may be admitted twice during each cycle. ln the applications for U. S. patents, Serial Nos. 276183 and 276461, both ofAugust .28, 1905 by Hippolyt Saurer a modified valve gear and a method of regu-lating :descending automobiles respectively is described for a similar purpose'.1 My new valve-gear described so far is suitable for explosion-engines provided with such valvegears and for such a method. In Fig. 4 the le shown as applied to a descending automo aile so as to-illustrate anrnanner,- in which the governor may control the piston-valve D'Q In the base 47 of the engine a hollow cam shaft 48 is Amounted to turn, sa by means of. the ball-bearings 49 and 50 s own; lt is adapted to operate say the inlet-valves y several cams 51, 5 1vin any known manner. Ahollow gear wheel 52 is fastened at one end escendino' automobiles a valve-gear is described', w

(not shown) by means of 4its dinally move therein and turnvin'a 'rin' 54' (say by means of a ball-bearing or the like). The ring 54 is provided with two opposite pins 55, which engagein the slotted ends of the forked arm 56 of a two-armed lever 56, 57 rockin on a suitable pin 58. The upper arm 57 o this lever is pivotally connected with the rod 14 mentioned above. At the other end of the rod 53 is fastened a disk 59 which is providedwith two opposite pins6() (of which only one is visible) and is adapted to bear on a helical spring 61. The other end of the latter bears against a recessed ring 62 which is secured in a suitable yoke 63 fastened on the inside ofthe gear wheel 52. Two weights 64, 64 are inounted to rock on two parallel cross pins 65, 65 in the gear wheel lenglne decreases, Athe helical spring- 61 will push the disk 59 with the rod 53 from left to right, so that the two weights 64, 64 will approach to the center line of the rod 53 and the lever F will lower the iston-valve D. Anincrease of the s eed wil reverse the described motions of t 1e parts.

It is evident, that the governor and its transmission shown may be modified in accordance with the kind of the explosion-engtne to which the valve-gear is to be app The valveear is operated as follows:

When the exp osion-engine with its governor' is at rest, the regulating piston-valve D will,

occupy its lowermost position and the second piston-valve H will normally occupy its uppermost position, so that the area between its lower edge and the upper edge of the regulating piston-valve D will be. the largest. After starting the explosion-engine in` any known manner, the governor will bring bythe parts 53, 54, 56, 57, 14, 4, 3, F, 6 and 7 the regulating piston-valve D into an intermediate position, for example the middle position shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The explosive mixture havingbeen prepared in the vcarbureter below will be 'sucked inl either from the passage C alone or from bot-h passages B and C, as the case may be, andwill be conducted through the regulating piston- 1 valve D, through the annular area between both istonvalves D/and H and through the brano M or N'to the respective cylinder.

The quantity of explosive `mixture vpassed The gear wheel 52 is so driven from the 'tornatrcclly adjusted vlmeans; 'off the 'regulatin o tliroujgliithe regulatinpiston-velve D isv aurom the governor by piston-valve D,

which 'move uli-and' wn. Should any' 'da f r,sir1se,'thatthe explosionengmegmay run ast,-for example in thecase of descending automobiles if the: gradient of- 7the, d`escent f exceeds a certain the operator will by hisflever 'transmission and the parts 17, 16

and 15 move theforked lever G downwards 'for shutting oil the earburet'er by means of the piston-valve H and for 'opening the, airvalve J, so that" air be'admi-tted from without thro h the connection'K, the airvalve J, the,kl ots '8` of the piston-valveH and the branches M and N to the several cyl l g vindersconsecutively. During all the .time v thev governor is perfectly left at 'liberty to 'Y `work.' Itis a'great advantage,-that the o vcrater is at all times permitted to use tige new valve-gear without troubling himself about the position of thel governor. v From .the above explanations it` will be seen, that the supply of benzin is completely stopped and that no benzin is'wasted at a if the speed vofthe explosion-engine is regui 'i lated-.by means of compressed air alone a that'no benzin smell is given forth during y shut ofi'` thecarbureter.

this time, and that exclusively pure cool air is sucked into the one or more cylinders to be therein 'compressed'.V Itis also an advantage, that the piston-valve H is elastically vconnected Withthe forked lever G, as unnec- -essary shocks or jerks are thereby avoided.

-explosion-englnes withv carbureters and governors, the combination with a casing having two lapertures, of which the one leads to the carbureter and the other to without, of two piston-valves mounted torecip'rocate in the two apertures of said casing,I connections between said casing and the cylinder or cylin lders ofthe explosionengine, and means for opening the one and closing the other of vsaid two piston-valves and vice versa for admit' Y 'ting explosive mixturefor air to the engine respectively.

2. In a valve-gear for four stroke cycle explosion-engines with carbureters and governors, the combination with a casing, of connections between said casin and the cyl-k inder or cylinders of-the exp osion-ongine,`

two iston-valves in said casing and4 adapted to a mit explosive mixture from the carbureter and alr'from without respectively'to the engine, and means for opening the one and closing the'other of said two piston-'g valves and viceversa.' l

3 v. vIn a. valveegear for four stroke cycle` y exploslorkengines with carbureters and gov@ -ernors, .thel combination-v with a casing, ot: connectionsbetween said casing and thelcyl.`-V inder or cylinders of the explonori-engine, a'

piston-valve mounted to reciprocate 1n saitture air-valve in said casing and adapted to admit air romwithout to the engine, an elastic `casin` and adapted to admit explosive l om thecarbureter to the engine, an

'itl

connectionv -between said piston-valvev and sard a1r-valve,` and means 'controlled ronr the' operator for first closing vsaid piston- 'valve` and then opening said air-valve' or `iiorirst closing the latter and then opening the.

former.; -v

4. In a -valve'sgear for four stroke .cycleif explosion-engines wlth carbureters and gov-A ernors, the combination with a-.casing, of connections between said casing and the cylinder or c linders of the Aexplosi'on-engine-7 alv piston-va ve mounted to reciprocate inV said casing and adapted to admit explosive mixture from the carburetor to' the engi-neI means controlled from the governorfor actus ating lsaid piston-valve, a second, pistonvalve mounted in said casing to reciprocate" and adapted to encircle with its edge the (ipposite edge -o said piston-valve in the one extreme position for shutting o the explosive mixture and to leave between these twol edgesy in the other extreme position alpassage for vthe explosive mixture, an air-valve in' said casing and adapted to admit air fromv without to the engine, an elastic 'connection between said secondpiston-valve and said air-valve, and'means controlled from the operator for rst closing'said second pistonvalve and then opening said air-valve or'for ibo ict

first closing the latter and then opening the 5. In a valve-gear for four stroke cycle explosion-cngines with carbureters and gov ernors, the combination with a casing hav ing two cylindrical parts of which the one communicates with the carburetor, of con-v nections betweensaid casing and the cylinder or cylinders of the explosion-engine, a tubular regulating piston-valve mounted to reciprocate in the cylindrical 'part of Asaid casingv contiguous to thecarbureter, means controlled from the governor for actuating saidvregulating piston-valve, a piston-valve with a partition mounted to reciprocate in the-othercylindrical part of said casing and adapted to encircle with `its edge the oppo-y site edge of said tubular regulating pistonvalve in theone extremeposition andv to bear against a'seatin said casing for shuttinfroff the carburetor and' to leave between tvese two edges in the other extreme position a. 4passage for the explosive' mixture, slots being provided in the piston-valve on the eide of lts partition opposite tothe tubular regu iating piston-valve and being adopted to ne o ened in the one'extreine position and io he i c osed 1n the other extreme position by tho plosionengines with caibureters :ind gow 1 ernors, the combination with n casing having two cylindrical parts, of which the one couimunicates with the earburete, of conne@- tions between said casing and the cylinder or cylinders of the eXpiosion-engine, a tubular regulating piston-Valve mounted to recinti Cate in the cylindrical part oi said easing con tiguous to the cnrbureter, n spindio rigidly connected with said tubular regulating pis-` ton-valve, means oont'roiied from the gow elnor for actuating said spindle, o pistouvalve with a partition mounted. to reuiiiro* cate in the other cylindrical part oi' said ensing and to slide on said spindle, it beingsind rein the to nneireio with its edge the Oppooi' anni. icuiiuhxr regu'iating piston* so iu the om su" reino position and to bear ugnuiu, M- iu :miti :menig for shuttin' off iii-: im. armer und to imive iietiwen these two e( gue iu the ohur extreme position a, para i'or the oipiosive mixture, slots being iu'oviiied in the.: i'iisiionwzilvo on the Side o' its puriiiou opinan@ to the tubular regulating i -;t .zii\fu :uni being adapted to be onnumi in hat one extreme position and to be @im fi in e; i part, :in nir-valve mounted to reeiproiczii iu Suini @5Min-valve :ind adopted to zuiinit :V from without through the slots of thv imita-r to ihn engine and boing provided with :it hoiiuw spindie which is adapted to slide n orosuhncfui, u, i-ofnr mounted in said easing to i *ui engaging the (cross-head of said airs; u spring; ingr-rieti bet-Ween the partin oi Suid. pistoix-vfx-ive and sind air-valve, mui iniuufs controiimi 'from the operator for @emitting inver.

iii,

HEINRICH MAYER. y

ii'itnosiscs:

Cani.. KAUFMANN, Ivim: lhrmormn.

sind spindle sind is provided with i tim otiwr mireille posit-ion by the v 

